Cheap house with your own hands. Do-it-yourself country house: diagrams and instructions on how to build a country house Building a house from foundation to roof with your own hands

Without the financial resources to attract professional builders, you can, armed with special literature and patience, build a house yourself. In practice, this requires effort, but can save up to half the construction cost.

Many self-builders invite others to view their projects and provide detailed reports, accompanying the process of building a house with detailed photographs.

Features of the house layout

Through the efforts of two men, a cheap house for permanent residence with an attached garage was built. Initially, the project did not include a garage and was added after the house was completed.

In general, the project changed as the discussion progressed on the advice of other builders and the requests of the wife. The original layout of the house included 6 rooms on two floors.

During construction, it was decided to equip two bathrooms, while on the ground floor the toilet and bathtub should be separate. The area of ​​the living room and the location of the stairs have also changed. Compared to the initial project, the living room was too narrow and elongated. The stairs were also planned to be awkward and steep. After the changes, these shortcomings were eliminated.

The cost of building a house with your own hands

In May 2010, the father of a small family planned to build a cheap house with his own hands for the amount of 300 thousand rubles. This amount included costs not only for materials, but also for connecting gas and electricity. According to the estimate, the following expenses were incurred:

1. Concrete - 20,700.
2. Edged and unedged timber - 70,000.
3. Foam plastic - 31,200.
4. Plywood - 8023.
5. Metal profile - 16,200.
6. Siding - 22,052.
7. Used windows - 4000.
8. Nails, screws, etc. - 15,000.
9. Delivery of material and excavator services - 5200.
10. Septic tank - 10,000.
11. Plumbing, radiators - 35,660.
12. GKL and finishing costs - 21280.
13. Design and installation of a gas pipeline, connection fee - 37,000.
14. Gas equipment (stove, boiler) - 29,000.
15. Electrical connection with materials - 3000.
16. Water supply connection - 2000.

According to the builder himself, the estimate lacks a number of small items. However, this also requires additional costs. It should also be noted that some of the windows were received from friends and did not require financial expenses. In total, 327,315 rubles were spent on the construction of the house without any small details. This amount does not include the attached garage. It was added later according to a separate estimate. Additionally, the construction of the garage required an amount of about 34,000 rubles. Taking into account unspecified expenses, the house cost no more than 400 thousand rubles.

Installation of a shallow strip foundation

The foundation is pre-planned with a width of 35 cm and a height above the ground of 25 cm and 20 cm below the ground. A die-cut section of 2.5x100 mm was chosen as a reinforcing element. The reinforcement of the tape was planned in 2 layers, top and bottom, with three connected sheets of die-cutting in each.

On the advice of experienced builders, vertical elements were added, and the number of sheets to be connected was increased to 5 pieces. Additionally, the height of the foundation above the ground increased and amounted to 45 cm.

reinforcement with die-cutting - you can’t do that!

After the foundation was poured into concrete, 20 anchor bolts were installed to install the lower frame.

Construction of the first floor

Before installing the walls of the first floor, the platform was installed and insulated and pipes for the sewerage system were laid. The bottom of the platform is left open, the insulation is fixed by means of fixed cuttings of boards. 3 layers of foam plastic, 15 cm thick, were used as platform insulation. The subfloor is made of 150x50 mm boards.

The walls were installed in a horizontal position. Foam plastic and 8 mm plywood protection are laid between the racks, and windows are also installed. The windows in the project were used second-hand. Installation of the assembled wall into a vertical position was carried out by two men. It was decided to abandon the installation of jibs in the construction of the walls. The builder assumed that the frame would be sufficiently rigid due to the plywood sheathing.

After assembling the walls of the first floor, the installation of internal partitions was carried out. Polystyrene foam was also used as insulation.

The principle of assembling the second floor

After installing the frame, a temporary floor from unedged boards was partially laid and the walls were assembled horizontally and installed vertically. Second-floor windows were also used.

To increase sound insulation in the interfloor ceiling, non-woven cloth was laid on the floor joists under the boards. This allows you to partially dampen vibration from steps.

Installation of rafters and roofing

Upon completion of the assembly of the walls of the attic floor, the rafter system was installed. The rafter overhangs were not extended. An inch board was used as lathing. The roof was covered with corrugated sheets 4 m long.

Exterior decoration of the building

Siding was used for the exterior of the building. It was mounted with a ventilation gap of 25 mm. Also at the stage of exterior finishing, a vestibule was added. The foundation for the vestibule was not installed; the structure was installed on pieces of concrete laid on the ground and sidewalk curbs.

Features of the staircase and its installation

The location of the staircase in the project caused a lot of controversy. Initially, its location suggested excessive emphasis on the attic ceiling. After changing the location and design of the staircase, it was made without a platform with slight turns.

The staircase is made of boards 50x150 mm, the width of the steps is 30 cm. The staircase was installed after the rough finishing of the first floor. Under the upper span there is space left for installing a toilet there. According to personal feelings, the staircase turned out to be comfortable and compact.

Interior decoration of the house

Before the finishing of the premises began, insulation of the interfloor ceiling and flooring of the second floor were completed. To increase the level of sound insulation, felt is nailed between the joists and floor boards. After this, rough finishing of the interior of both floors of the cheap house was completed.

The rough finishing included three points:

1. Installation of fiberboard as a wind barrier.
2. GVL installation.
3. Puttying joints and chips of GVL.

In the finishing process, water-based paint was predominantly used. The living room, kitchen and bedrooms are painted in different colors. The floors in the rooms are covered with linoleum, the ceilings are decorated with expanded polystyrene tiles.

Self-construction of your own home is an economical solution that is suitable for people with extensive construction experience. The disadvantage of this technique is the high risk of errors both during construction and connection of communications and decorative finishing. But there are also important advantages: savings on the final cost (sometimes up to 40-50%), and full tracking of work.

With proper preparation and certain skills, when building a cottage with your own hands, you can save several hundred thousand rubles and, at the same time, build a full-fledged home for permanent use. How to build a cottage with your own hands, what you can save on, in what order to carry out the work, and what mistakes should be avoided will be discussed below.

Sequence of work for self-construction

Correct step-by-step execution of the work allows you to carry out repairs without unnecessary errors and haste. To reduce the likelihood of budget miscalculations, it is better to immediately develop an individual construction plan for yourself or use the example below.

1. Budget calculation

The minimum cost threshold for building a house is usually 400-500 thousand rubles, although the exact amount depends on its area, purpose, and seasonality of use.

If you need to build a small summer house one floor high, you can limit yourself to spending 150-200 thousand. 400-500 thousand rubles is the minimum required to build a family house with insulation.

The future owner must decide how much money he can spend on building a house, its interior and exterior, purchasing furniture and plumbing. Based on this data, a project is already being drawn up and building materials are being selected.

2. Design

You can complete this step yourself. To make house planning easier, there are special online programs (both narrow-profile and universal, for example: 3Ds Max). If desired, the universal program can be mastered in 1-2 months, the simplified program in a few days. Independent planning and design of the building is a significant savings item.

3. Selection of materials

The choice of necessary materials for building a cottage depends on climatic conditions and the planned project. So, for example, it is better if the load-bearing floors are only along the external contour of the building, because then it will be possible to save on internal floors. How to reduce the cost of purchasing building materials is described below.

4. Coordination of the project with the family and technical supervision

Technical supervision during the construction of a house is mandatory: it allows you to avoid legal violations, and also eliminates the risk of increased fire and explosion hazards.

5. Selection of contractors and construction crew

In order to save money, you can complete all stages of building a house with your own hands, but this, as a rule, leads to a decrease in the quality of construction and a decrease in its durability. Even an experienced builder will need help.

You should not entrust all the work to builders: the most difficult stages (construction of the foundation, installation of load-bearing floors) are assigned to them.

Next comes construction, then installation of communications, exterior finishing, installation of plumbing and interior finishing. The last stage is furniture installation. When finishing the premises, you also need to follow a certain order: first the ceilings are plastered, then the walls are finished, and the floor is finished last.

How to reduce the cost of building a house?

Budget houses are often built from low-quality and short-lived materials. This is the main mistake of people who build their own homes.

The savings should be reasonable: you can reduce costs without compromising the durability and strength of the building by choosing cheaper secondary elements.

External and internal finishing

You can achieve a pleasant appearance for several tens of thousands of rubles. Instead of expensive panels, masonry, and brick outside, you can use:

• siding (20-50 thousand for an average house);
• traditional coating with 3 mm thick plaster with further painting;
• simple treatment of wood with antifungal impregnation.

The cheapest option is the last one, but it doesn't last long. The coating must be reapplied every 3-4 years, otherwise the wood will fade or rot. The aesthetic side of this finish leaves much to be desired.

Siding is considered a more popular option. It allows you to hide the shortcomings of the main coating (for example, plywood, which is often used for budget construction). Disadvantages of finishing are a high risk of fire, low environmental friendliness, and the risk of green deposits in humid regions. The siding needs to be cleaned; in case of strong winds and poor installation, it can simply be torn off.

The best option is coating with plaster. It is environmentally friendly and safe from a fire point of view. Plastered walls look smooth and attractive.

Another interesting solution is artificial stone. If they are used to decorate the lower base of the walls, the frames of doors and windows, the building will even look luxurious.

Sewerage

Connecting to a public sewer system (which is rarely available anywhere) is expensive. Therefore, when building private houses, owners most often install autonomous sewerage and septic tanks.

Conducting communications from all plumbing elements and, in particular, from the toilet is not necessary. Liquids used for washing dishes and personal hygiene can be drained using simple ditches. Most summer cottages are surrounded by them along the perimeter. If they are not there, you can dig trenches yourself at no cost at all.

A septic tank is installed to collect waste from the toilet. Its price, including installation, ranges from twenty to several hundred thousand rubles. For a small country building, the most budget option is also suitable.

Number of storeys

The construction of multi-storey buildings is more expensive, as it requires the creation of expensive floors between floors. You can save money by increasing the area of ​​the first floor rather than building a second one.

Another feature of floors: it is better to place load-bearing elements along the outer contour of the building, since in this case the internal ones can be made non-load-bearing. This will significantly reduce the cost of the project.

Insulation of individual parts of the house

If a small family lives in a cottage in winter, and relatives come to visit in the summer, it is not necessary to make insulated guest bedrooms. Instead, a large covered terrace with glazing or walls is often installed. In summer, the temperature is warm enough for guests to spend the night.

You can dispense with insulation in the garage, utility rooms, and in the dressing room (not advisable).

What is better to entrust to contractors in construction?

If you try to reduce the cost of constructing the main parts of the building, the house will not last long and may even collapse. Below are things that you should never skimp on, and it is better to entrust the work to professionals.

Foundation, walls and roof

When building budget houses and dachas, a shallow foundation is used. Some builders try to save money by using die-cut reinforcement. This leads to a decrease in the strength of the foundation, which is unacceptable. The reinforcement must be of high quality.

If you have no experience in using concrete, it is better to entrust the work of pouring the foundation to professionals. Otherwise, additional costs may be required to level the bottom trim.

When installing a foundation, installing a roof and installing rafters, it is better to contact special construction companies. Then you won’t have to worry about fire safety, that the house will sag or become warped, that the roof will collapse during a snowfall, etc.

Summing up communications

The installation of a gas pipeline to the house, connecting electrical networks, and laying out pipes must be carried out by professionals, since if installed incorrectly, there is a high risk of emergency situations. When supplying gas, technical supervision is required, with which it will be necessary to coordinate the location of the dispenser relative to other rooms and household appliances.

Also, you should not save on gas by simply refusing it. If, due to a tight budget, the house is cold and requires constant heating, it is more economical to use gas rather than electricity for these purposes.

How to insulate a house?

Any houses and cottages built for permanent residence require wall insulation. When it comes to an inexpensive dacha or cottage, we are often given the example of frame buildings, which are very popular in Europe and the USA. They are cheap, quick to build, and the materials can be bought on any market. However, in our Russian climate, with temperature changes up to -20 or even -30 degrees in winter, living in such houses is comfortable only in the warm season.

Houses made of brick and concrete require a minimum of insulation materials. If the walls are thick, you can do without them altogether. The same cannot be said about other materials: plywood, SIP panels, wood, aerated concrete, etc.

Therefore, a significant cost item when building a summer house or house on your own is the purchase of insulation. This will cost at least 50 thousand rubles when purchasing polystyrene foam for a two-story house.

Most people who build their own homes choose to build with wood and then insulate it cheaply with foam. During the cold season, such a building must be constantly heated, which also leads to large expenses. What is cheaper - to insulate the house in advance or, saving on materials, to turn on the heating?

The installation of a gas pipeline and the fee for connecting to it costs from fifty to several hundred thousand rubles. In houses built with brick or concrete walls, you can limit yourself to electric heaters, turned on only in particularly cold times. From the point of view of permanent residence in the northern latitudes of the country, it is more profitable to immediately make fundamental insulation. Then it will be possible to reduce or eliminate gas costs altogether.

For a house that is used only seasonally, as a summer house, it is better to choose the first option: light insulation and gas heating. In this case, gas should be supplied only if the owners periodically come to the building in winter: on holidays, vacations, etc. If the building is used only in the summer, you can refuse to connect the gas and opt for thin insulation. This is the most economical option.

After purchasing a country plot for a summer residence, the question of how to build a country house with your own hands becomes urgent. Well, building it yourself is quite possible, unless, of course, you are planning a huge “palace” that requires the involvement of construction equipment and a team of professionals.

Usually compact buildings are chosen for a dacha, but, nevertheless, the house must have everything necessary for rest - rooms, kitchen, veranda. The latter will become a favorite place for an evening pastime all family. It is very important to make the country house cozy and comfortable, so you need to think through all the nuances of its arrangement.

The optimal material for a country house building is wood, and the principle of construction is a frame structure.

Of course, the first thing that will need to be done is to decide on the location and size of the building, draw up a project, and plan further work.

Proe ct of a small country house

The size of the future house largely depends on the area of ​​the summer cottage, the number of family members and the financial capabilities of the owners. If you plan correctly, draw up a successful project and choose inexpensive but high-quality material for construction, you can save space, money and work time.

In any case, the first steps are drawing up a project

Most often, a country house has a size of 5.0 × 6.0 or 4.0 × 6.0 m. Larger buildings are erected much less frequently, and mainly in cases where they are planned to be used year-round. But this, most likely, will not be a country house, but a full-fledged country house.

The layout of the house may have to be carried out on the basis of requirements that can be established by the board of the gardening association, therefore, when purchasing, you need to find out about such nuances in advance. The following distances are most often required:

• The house must be installed at a distance of 3 meters from the border of the neighboring plot, and from the fence separating the plot from the general passage (street) - 5 meters.
• In order to ensure fire safety, a stone house is placed at a distance of at least six meters from another stone building, and ten meters from a wooden one. If the house is wooden, then it should be installed at a distance of no closer than 15 meters from another wooden building.
• To prevent the house from blocking neighboring buildings from sunlight, if it is placed on the eastern, southern or western side of the site, it is located at a distance from another residential building at least equal to its height.

Usually, to install a country house, the highest place in the area where Water will not collect when snow melts or from heavy rains. Increased humidity under the house will never benefit any building material, but it will always have a negative impact on the overall strength and durability of the structure.

Most often, the following construction technologies are chosen for the construction of country houses: frame-panel construction, log houses, walls made of blocks or bricks.

For summer cottages, designs of one-story houses with closed or open verandas or terraces are predominantly chosen. Often a building has an attic space used for storing garden tools and other things that seem unnecessary in everyday use, but which can always be useful in the country. However, it also happens that in some projects there are no attic floor beams at all, and then the roof slopes simultaneously serve as a ceiling.

If the family is large, and the area of ​​the plot is not as large as we would like, then you can plan a two-story house that takes up very little space at the base. In this case, the first floor can be used as a living room, terrace and kitchen, and on the second floor you can arrange cozy sleeping areas for the whole family.

Not at all necessary in a dacha building, build a full second floor, since its role can be perfectly fulfilled by an attic superstructure. By decorating it with natural materials, you can create a wonderful, healthy country atmosphere.

Country houses are mainly used in the warm season, starting with the arrival of spring and ending in autumn. Therefore, they do not require enhanced insulation of walls and roofs, but devices for heating the premises must still be provided - in case of cold nights or drops in temperature during unstable weather. Typically, electrical appliances are used as heaters, for example, convectors or infrared film emitters, but sometimes owners even prefer to install fireplaces or cast iron heating and cooking stoves.

By the way, if you plan to build a real fireplace or brick stove, then they must be included in the project being compiled.

There are also ready-made versions of country houses, sold complete in disassembled form, which simply need to be delivered to the site and assembled. Any such set of parts must be accompanied by detailed instructions, which outline the procedure for carrying out the work, basic technological techniques and connection diagrams of individual elements and assemblies.

For the owner of the site, who has basic construction skills, it will not be difficult to assemble such a country house yourself. The main advantage of this option is that the kit often already includes everything necessary for the building’s electrical network, its ventilation system, and even for installing the water supply.

Video: a small, neat country house that lives up to its name

What type of house to choose?

Having decided on the approximate plan of the future house, you need to choose the material for its construction. This choice will determine not only the appearance of the building itself, but also the comfort of staying in it, as well as the costs of its construction.

• The traditional material for a country house is wood, which will create a favorable microclimate in it, filling it with the smells of the forest. A wooden house can be built using a frame method, from timber or logs. The disadvantage of wooden buildings is considered to be the high fire hazard of the material.

However, wooden houses have always been built, and many of them have stood for centuries. Today, there are special fire-retardant impregnations on sale that significantly reduce the risk of fire in wooden buildings. And in general - the most important thing here is not the material, but the human factor - it is people’s neglect of basic fire safety requirements that in the overwhelming majority of cases becomes the cause of fire.

• The construction of a brick structure will cost much more, but it can with good reason be called a full-fledged house, which can be used not only in the summer, but also, if necessary, in the winter, if you install a stove in it. Brick buildings are much less susceptible to fire and, with high-quality masonry, will last a very long time. Their disadvantages include a more complex and lengthy construction process, requiring special skills, and the high price of materials.

• Very often, different materials are used when building a country house. For example, a house is built from wood, but on a foundation made of concrete, brick or blocks.

This option can be called optimal, since a foundation made of moisture-resistant materials will create optimal conditions for the construction of walls made of wood, thus becoming a reliable foundation for the house.

It is this last option that is worth considering, since it is the most popular of all types of country houses.

Stages of construction of a country house

Materials for building a country house

If you don’t want to bother with calculations, then it’s better to purchase a prefabricated ready-made model of a house that has a certain area, for which you only need to prepare a place.

In all other cases, you will need to purchase building materials. Their type, size, volume, total number - all depending on the size of the planned building, which is determined by the project.

Prices for various types of timber

Foundation material

For any type of foundation you will need the following materials:

— sand, crushed stone, cement;

- third-grade board and timber for formwork;

- brick or concrete blocks;

— waterproofing material (roofing felt);

— expanded clay of the middle fraction.

Wall and roof material

Since wood was chosen for the construction of the walls, other materials will be selected based on this:

— bars and boards of different sizes, depending on the design parameters;

- fastening elements - nails, self-tapping screws, bolts, studs;

- corners of different configurations, metal plates - for fastening nodes;

— vapor barrier film;

— insulation — mineral wool, ecowool or expanded clay;

— to cover the roof, it is better to choose a lightweight material — ondulin or corrugated sheeting.

Once the installation location for the future house has been determined and the materials have been purchased, you can proceed to arranging the foundation. True, first you will have to decide on its type.

Country house foundation

Even when erecting such a small and light building as a wooden country house, you cannot do without a foundation. In this case, one of two types is ideal for these purposes - a columnar and strip foundation. Which one to choose depends on the preferences of the builder.

• A column foundation will be a less expensive option, as it will allow you to seriously save on building materials. In addition, such a foundation can be completed independently, without outside help, which will also save some money.

You can find out in detail how to build it correctly by following this link to the corresponding page of our portal.

• To create a strip foundation, you will need not only a larger amount of materials, but also a fairly long period of time. This is not surprising - a trench will need to be dug along the entire perimeter of the future house, waterproof it, install a reinforcement structure, build formwork and fill the foundation pit with concrete. And after that, whether you like it or not, it will take another month until the filled tape completely hardens and gains brand strength.

However, strip foundations are still very popular among individual developers. This option is convenient because it allows you to make a basement under the house, however, to do this, the foundation walls will have to be raised above the soil surface by 700 ÷ 800 mm. is described in detail in the article, which can be found on our portal by following the link provided.

If a columnar foundation is selected, then it is recommended to remove the top layer of soil by 150 ÷ ​​200 mm from the site, which will be located under the house and around it by 500 ÷ 600 mm. Then pour a 30 ÷ 40 mm layer of sand into the resulting pit, which should be compacted. A layer is laid on top of the sand cushion mid-fraction crushed stone and is also compacted, and the remaining space must be filled with expanded clay of the middle fraction. All these procedures are done to ensure that small rodents cannot get close to the house. They cannot stand expanded clay (especially small clay), as it contains a large amount of dust and has a loose surface.

Fine expanded clay is an excellent rodent repellent

To protect the house from the penetration of large rodents or other uninvited guests from the animal world, it is advisable to cover the space under the house with a metal mesh with cells no larger than 10 mm.

Construction of a frame structure

For a country house, the best choice is a frame structure

A frame house can be placed on either a columnar or strip foundation. Construction always starts from the foundation, which must be reliably waterproofed two or three layers of laid roofing felt.

• If the project includes a veranda, you must immediately separate its zone, over which a roof will be erected, but there will be no solid walls. To support the roof over the veranda, you can use the racks of the general wall frame. Another option - veranda will be attached to the house separately.
• Without exception, all wooden workpieces must be treated with antiseptic compounds and fire retardants. These impregnations will increase the resistance of wood to fire, to decay, will prevent the appearance of insect nests or colonies of microflora representatives - mold or fungus.

• After the workpieces have received proper preparation and are completely dry, during construction, a lower frame (crown) is first made, which will be laid on the foundation and will subsequently be used to install the floor.

In order for the floor to be reliable, it is necessary to use high-quality timber of the required cross-section for the frame. If funds allow, then it is better to choose wooden elements not according to the “lower limit” of dimensions, but by placing a certain margin in their cross-section.

The table shows the optimal dimensions of timber for a frame house:

• The frame support beams are mounted on crown bars located along the perimeter of the foundation, at a distance of 600 ÷ 700 mm from each other. They are secured using corners or by inserting. If the elements are large in cross-section, they can additionally be fastened with metal brackets.

• When the lower frame with support beams is ready, the wall frames are made. They can be assembled separately, and then, when finished, lifted and secured to the framing bars.

Another option is to lift the frame directly into place. For example, if a house is being erected independently, without helpers, then it will be very difficult to lift the finished frame from the tent alone to the height of the frame, install it evenly and temporarily fix it until it is finally secured. This means that each of the bars will have to be placed separately.

• The size of the bars for the wall frame posts must be at least 100x100 mm, but it can also be mounted from boards with a cross-section of at least 50x150 mm.

The bars are secured to the lower frame using powerful corners that can hold them in a vertical position. It is best to use self-tapping screws rather than nails for fastening - the difference in price is not so significant, but the quality and reliability of the assembly is incomparably higher.

• When installing vertical racks, you need to immediately mark the location of the openings for windows and doors. It is best to leave the area where they are to be installed free in the frame, and install the part of the wall with the window opening separately.

Then, when the upper strapping block is installed and secured to all other vertical posts, the area with the window opening is secured to the space left for it.

• All four walls are assembled in the same way. At the corners, the side posts are fastened together with corners, or instead of two separate ones, one common corner post is mounted. It is recommended to support it with diagonal struts on both sides - they will add rigidity to the entire wall structure.

• The doorway is installed in the frame immediately. It is reinforced with an additional rack, since a door suspended on hinges has a certain weight, which must be calmly supported by both the reinforced opening and the entire wall frame.

• If you plan to sheathe the frame from the outside with clapboard, then this is the next step. The sheathing will give the structure additional rigidity, which will allow the installation of the attic floor to continue and

Installation of the floor can be carried out immediately after the outer wall cladding, but only if the roof will be covered on the same day. It is highly undesirable for your freshly laid flooring to get wet if it rains unexpectedly at night. Therefore, it is better to first resolve the issue with the roof, and then calmly deal with all other construction activities inside the house.

Roof construction and roofing

Types of rafter systems

A few words need to be said about the types of rafter systems, since, moving on to the construction of the roof, it is necessary to have a general idea about this, to know which design is best to choose.

There are two types of rafter systems - hanging and layered.

Hanging system

The hanging rafter system is distinguished by the fact that it is installed only on external load-bearing walls and has no other supports. It is perfect for erecting over a small country house building. In order to lighten the load on the wooden walls and on the foundation, hanging rafters are fastened with ties.

The hanging structure itself consists of a transverse beam, which also performs an overlapping function, and can simultaneously serve as a frame for lining the ceiling, as well as rafter legs that form the roof slopes.

Layered system

A layered system is installed if the house, in addition to external walls, has internal permanent partitions that will become additional support points. This scheme can also be used when constructing the roof of a country house, if it has a large area and its rooms are separated by walls built on the foundation.

When installing this system, the load on the load-bearing side walls becomes weaker, so it will be possible to use fewer retaining elements. It is perfect for attic structures that will be used as living quarters.

Floor beams

An important structural element is the floor beams

The beams are laid exactly above the vertical posts of the wall frame. In order for them to fit tightly on the upper strapping belt, grooves are cut out at their edges. The size of the grooves can be calculated based on the formula shown in the figure.

The beams are secured to the frame structure of the walls using nails or self-tapping screws, and in addition they are sometimes fixed on both sides with metal corners.

Having completed the installation of the ceiling beams, you can proceed to building the roof truss system. For safety reasons, temporary plank flooring is laid on the floor beams to ensure comfortable movement along the attic plane during installation of the rafters.

Installation of the rafter system

The roof truss system can be mounted using different sequences of fastening its elements:

• First option. It is necessary to fasten the outer pairs of rafter legs on the ground, then lift them onto the harness and install them ready-made on the gable walls of the house. And then connect them with a ridge beam, and mount the remaining pairs of rafters on it.
• Second option. To begin, install the middle posts along the gables, then fasten them with a ridge beam or board, onto which the rafters are then attached.
• Third option. In this case, pairs of rafter legs in their upper part are attached to each other with a ridge plate, and their lower side is fixed to the wall frame, which in this embodiment will act as a mauerlat.

The cross-section of beams or logs used for rafter legs must be strictly maintained - depending on the rafter length between two support points, and depending on the step between adjacent pairs of rafters

Maximum permissible rafter leg length (in mm)	Rafter spacing (in mm)
	1100		1400		1750		2100
	Section of the rafter leg (in mm)
	bars with cross-section	logs Ø	bars with cross-section	logs Ø	bars with cross-section	logs Ø	bars with cross-section	logs Ø
up to 3000	80×100	100	80×100	130	90×100	150	90×160	160
up to 3600	80×130	130	80×160	160	80×180	180	90×180	180
up to 4300	80×160	160	80×180	180	90×180	180	100×200	200
up to 5000	80×180	180	80×200	200	100×200	200	-	-
up to 5800	80×200	200	100×200	200	-	-	-	-
up to 6500	100×200	200	120×220	240	-	-	-	-

It should be noted that the attachment point for the rafters in its lower part will depend on the angle at which they are fastened to the ridge and how long they are.

If the rafter is long enough and protrudes beyond the load-bearing walls, then a notch is cut out on it, with which it will be installed on the strapping beam (). An example of such a notch is shown in the picture:

If the rafter ends at the edge of the load-bearing wall, then its lower edge is cut at a right angle to the Mauerlat, and the leg itself can be fixed to it using a special fastening plate, a sliding support, an angle, a bracket, nails or long screws.

If the house is very small, then after securing the rafters to the frame, tying them with ridge beams or boards, you most likely will not have to install additional supporting elements.

Detailed information about the exact details can be obtained from a special publication on our portal by following the recommended link:

For installation of additional reinforcing elements of the rafter system, the material can be selected in accordance with the recommendations indicated in the table:

Prices for various types of fasteners for rafters

Rafter fasteners

Roofing system

After the rafters and additional elements form the roof slopes, you can proceed to the installation of the subsystem for the roof deck.

• The first thing that needs to be done on the outside of the roof, after installing the rafters, is to lay a vapor barrier film, securing it first with staples and then with counter-lattice strips on the rafters.

The film is laid perpendicular to the rafters, starting from the lower eaves of the roof. The overlap between two adjacent strips must be at least 200 mm.

• The main batten is mounted perpendicular to the counter-lattice, onto which the roofing material will be attached. The installation step of the guides depends on the type and size of the sheets of roofing material.

If a soft roof is chosen to cover the roof, then instead of sheathing slats, the slopes are covered completely - with plywood, and then with waterproofing sheets of roofing felt, which are overlapped by 150 ÷ ​​200 mm and glued together with bitumen mastic. Another option is to use soft bitumen decorative tiles, which are laid using a similar technology.

• The following roofing materials are most often used for wooden houses (depending on the steepness of the roof slope).
  

• The selected roofing material is laid and secured onto the prepared base. The work starts from the cornice, and if the first row is laid from right to left, then all other rows are installed according to the same pattern.

Some types of roofing materials have a strictly specified installation pattern in direction, which cannot be changed. This must be indicated in the instructions supplied with them.

Also, for any type of sheet roofing material, the amount of overlap in the direction of the slope (usually 150 ÷ ​​200 mm) and the number of waves (relief protrusions) in the horizontal direction along the roof are determined.

• Almost all roofing materials are secured to the sheathing using special nails or self-tapping screws with waterproofing gaskets.

• It is very important to correctly select and secure the ridge elements of the roof, otherwise it will leak at the first rain. Typically, the ridge element is selected from the same material as the covering of the roof slopes.
• Next, the eaves of the roof are finished - this can be done with wooden or plastic lining. Sometimes special plastic elements - soffits - are used for these purposes.

• Then elements of the roof drainage system are installed on the wind board - funnels, gutters on brackets, pipes, etc.

• Next, the gable sides of the rafter system are sheathed. Most often, wooden or plastic lining or even planed boards are used for this.

For the lining, a special profile is fixed around the perimeter of the pediment triangle, into which the prepared panels, cut at the desired angle, will be installed. Installation is usually done symmetrically - from the middle post to one side and then the other - then the cladding will be smooth and neat.

By the way, install the lining, Besides, you can do it horizontally, in a herringbone pattern, or come up with a more complex pattern.

Detailed information about the technology can be found in the article posted on our website by clicking on link.

Now, having finished the external finishing of the roof and being confident that rain will no longer get inside the country house, you can move on to installing windows and doors, insulation, flooring and wall cladding.

Installation of windows and doors

• Window frames are mounted in the frame openings left for them and leveled. For preliminary fixation when placing the frame, spacers made of wooden blocks or slats are installed between it and the opening bars.

Then, after checking the correct installation, the frames are attached to the wall frame with metal strips. The remaining gaps between the frame and frame bars are filled with polyurethane foam. After it dries, the excess is cut off, and platbands are installed around the windows on the outside of the wall, which will close the unsightly appearance of the gaps and give neatness to the overall appearance of the house.

• It is best to install the door together with the door frame, if it has sufficient rigidity. This will make it much easier to align the entire structure with the level in the wall doorway.

It is best to install the door as a block - together with the frame and leaf

When exposing the door frame, if necessary, to achieve a clear vertical position, place wedges (inserts) made of wooden slats. The door frame is secured to the frame in the same way as window frames, using metal strips, and the gap is filled with polyurethane foam.

Having installed all the windows and doors, you can proceed to installing the floor.

Installation and insulation of floors

To begin with, the temporary flooring from the boards (if there was one) is removed from the lower frame, and then you need to install the subfloor.

• To do this, cranial bars are nailed or screwed onto the frame supporting beams. They are necessary for laying transverse subfloor boards on them.

• Next, boards cut to exact size or plywood 8 ÷ 10 mm thick are laid on the skull blocks - this flooring will serve as a subfloor.
• The subfloor laid on top is closed hydro- paro— insulating film, which should cover both the load-bearing beams and the entire floor plane. Individual sheets of material are laid overlapping (by 150 ÷ ​​200 mm) and taped at the joints with waterproof tape.

• Next, insulation material is laid or poured onto the vapor barrier film. If you don’t want to have neighbors who like to live under the floor, then it is better to use expanded clay of medium or fine fraction, or ecowool, to insulate the floor - these toothy pests simply do not live in such materials.

• Another layer of film membrane is laid on top of the insulation, which is nailed to the supporting beams with staples. The installation principle is exactly the same as on a subfloor.

The floor is finished!

• The entire structure is then covered with thick plywood or wooden floorboards.

Prices for thermal insulation materials

Thermal insulation materials

Measures for additional thermal insulation

When the floor is completely ready, the walls of the house are insulated and sheathed from the inside. If the building will be used only in the warm season, then the insulation will still not hurt - it will work as an insulator of the premises from heating in extreme heat. Therefore, it is recommended to lay a thermal insulation layer not only in the walls, but also in the ceiling, and if it is missing, place insulation along the internal slopes of the roof.

• First, a vapor barrier material is attached to all walls and ceiling beams. Then the ceiling is covered with clapboard, plywood or plasterboard.
• After covering the ceiling, the walls are insulated. Insulation mats are laid between the frame posts. It is necessary to ensure that the mats fit as tightly as possible against the bars of the wall frame, so that there are no gaps left.

That is why mineral wool is most often used as insulation - after being tightly laid between the racks, it will straighten out, completely filling the entire space. The material is usually selected so that the thickness of the mats and the thickness of the frame posts are the same.

• After this, all walls are again covered with vapor barrier film.

• The next step is covering the walls with wooden paneling, plywood or. The latter, during subsequent decorative finishing of the walls, can be painted with water-based paint or covered with wallpaper.

• Next, the attic floor is insulated, where the insulation is placed between the floor beams.

If the ceiling is sheathed on the side of the house with plasterboard or clapboard, then we must not forget that you cannot step on it, since the sheathing will not support the weight of a person. You must move carefully along the floor beams.

• If the attic is planned to be used for storing various garden supplies, then a flooring made of boards or plywood with a thickness of at least 10 mm should be secured on top of the insulation on the floor beams.
• The finishing touches of the interior decoration will be the installation of platbands on windows and doors, ceiling and floor skirting boards and closing the corners with fittings.

Extensions to the house

The last stages of arranging a country house are installation work on the veranda and porch.

If a place is left in advance for the veranda on the frame lying on the foundation, then a board is laid on this space to cover the floor (material for open areas is used), a fence is installed and a canopy is mounted.

If the foundation is raised high enough above the ground, then a porch is also attached to it.

Building a country house with your own hands is a completely doable task, but it will be quite difficult to do without helpers. Therefore, it is best to seek help from a knowledgeable craftsman who has experience in such work, will always give useful advice and show how to correctly install certain components in the structure of the house. You can “mobilize” your relatives and friends - it is possible that a knowledgeable person will be among them.

Video: building a country house using frame technology

There are more and more people wanting to build their own home. Surely you are one of them, since you visited our website. The desire to cope on your own is commendable. But, nevertheless, we must give advice - specialists are people who have spent several years of their lives learning construction. And it is extremely easy for them to build a house of the required quality in the optimal time frame.

Specialists know all the intricacies of the construction process, rules and sanitary standards, will make sure that problems do not arise in the future, will give the necessary recommendations, and will save time. Therefore, we do not recommend saving on hiring craftsmen from a successfully proven company in the construction market of your city.

Regardless of who will carry out the construction process, you need to know what tasks will require solving before you start pouring the foundation. Let's talk about this now.

So, you need to buy the plot on which the house will be built and properly formalize the legal transaction. I think there is no need to say that it should be located close to other existing residential buildings, because utility networks will have to be installed. And “dragging” them from afar is unprofitable.

It is important to correctly correlate your financial capabilities, the size of the plot and the approximate size of the future home. The ratio of the area of ​​the house to the total area of ​​the plot should be 1 to 10.

Remember that an area that is too large is difficult to care for, and a small area will not allow it to “expand” in the future.

However, even before purchasing land, you must hire specialists who will conduct a geological survey of the site and topographic survey of the area. They will take soil and water samples, conduct laboratory soil tests, advise on the type of foundation, and draw up geological sections of the site. All these efforts will be aimed at finding dangerous places that will bring many problems in the future.

Many experts advise conducting geological research precisely at the time of site selection.

Also, before purchasing, you need to collect as much information as possible about the site. Chat with your neighbors. They are the ones who often tell a lot of necessary things. If the plot was already owned before you, cadastral data about it can be obtained from the administration.

• Close to garbage dumps
• Close to wastewater treatment plants
• Near the swampy area
• With the impossibility of access for construction equipment there
• Located far from social infrastructure

Project

The second step is preparing the project. You need to either download a ready-made one available on the Internet/purchase from a construction company, or contact specialists to develop an individual one together with them.

It is not recommended to design a house on your own, as well as planning the site of a country house. Due to the lack of necessary experience, you cannot predict all mistakes in advance. And it will be too late to redo something at the moment when the foundation is erected, part of the house is built. Any adjustments made to the project directly at the construction site will inevitably entail an increase in cost and time.

A standard project is convenient in that you can quickly begin construction, bypassing design work.

You must understand that the house is built to suit your living conditions. You must know exactly:

• How many rooms do you want
• Will there be a second floor?
• Number of permanent residents
• What will be located in the rooms
• What area should they be made of?
• What size should the kitchen and living room be?
• What budget do you have?
• Will you be able to make additional payments, etc., if necessary?

If, for example, you often invite guests, then it is better to make a spacious living room. If relatives come to you from time to time, then there must be a separate room for them, etc. You must also decide on the construction material, the shape of the house and roof, and the presence of additional buildings in the yard.

After taking into account all the features of your future residence, you need to contact a designer (you still need to find a good specialist). He will take into account all your requirements and wishes, your available budget, develop a project, and also make the necessary adjustments.

Linking the project to the area

If the site research was carried out immediately, all that remains is to carry out the full-size design of the house. This process is aimed at taking into account the influence of climatic factors, determining the most optimal position of the house on the site for comfortable living, and determining the boundaries of your territory.

Construction permit (approval)

Why build a house without coordinating the process with local governments? After all, they can demolish it later. Obtaining a building permit will help you avoid problems.

1. Get permission to build a house. To do this, prepare a package of necessary documents: a passport, documents confirming that you are the owner of the site, an application to the head of the administration in which you ask to give the go-ahead for construction, a copy of the house plan, a copy of the license of the company that developed the project for you. In each region of the country, the list of documents may differ, so visit your city administration and check all the details.
2. Receive a site inspection report. To do this, contact the geosurveillance department and provide them with a topographic survey plan, as well as an act of delineating the boundaries of the site and setting out the axes of the building. If you continue the construction of a house abandoned by the previous owner, you must provide documents for the land and a site plan
3. Prepare a construction passport for the facility. To do this, prepare the necessary documents again: passport, land title, site plan, application for a building permit, a notarized copy of the design company’s license, site survey report
4. Contact the sanitary-epidemiological and fire inspections to coordinate the development plan with them. Additionally, the energy and gas schemes must be coordinated with the fire inspectorate
5. After permission has been received, you need to contact the architectural committee, provide them with an agreed plan and obtain a construction passport

Haven't decided yet what type of house you will build? On our website you will find a lot of articles that will help you with your choice. If you have been thinking about building a Canadian house, then be sure to find out all the disadvantages of Canadian houses.

Or maybe you are choosing between a frame and timber house? Then this article will help you make your choice.

Choosing a construction company

Construction of a house

The construction of the house is carried out in five stages:

1. Excavation
2. Laying the foundation
3. Construction of walls and ceilings
4. Installation of roof truss system
5. Laying roofing material

Excavation work begins with leveling the area and digging a pit for pouring the foundation. Excavators and bulldozers are used for this purpose. The bottom of the pit is cleared manually. It is better to start pouring the foundation immediately after preparing the site. Otherwise, the earth may crumble, fill the bottom of the pit, and you will have to clear it again, wasting time and money.

The site is ready - it’s time to build the foundation. A layer of crushed stone, ten centimeters thick, is poured into the prepared pit, on top of which bitumen is poured. Next, formwork is made, a concrete foundation pad is laid, and reinforcing elements are installed.

Construction of foundation walls

When the concrete has hardened, construction of the foundation walls begins. Concrete blocks can be used for this purpose.

Construction of walls and ceilings

Immediately after laying the foundation, they begin to erect walls and install floors. This process is labor-intensive and we will look at it in a separate article.

The final stage of building a house is the installation of the roof truss system and laying of roofing material. When choosing a roofing material, you need to take into account issues such as rain noise and fire safety. If the choice falls in favor of installing ondulin, then during the rain you will be able to sleep peacefully. Many articles have been written about other roofing materials on the pages of our online resource.

One of the most airtight roofing materials is seam roofing. The coating is hermetic, since the sheet joints are fastened using the seam method, that is, without nails, screws and other devices.

And if you have already made a choice in favor of an onduvilla, then you should familiarize yourself with the rules and sequence of installation of an onduvilla in this article.

Or are you a supporter of tiles? Then we suggest reading the article about installing ceramic tiles here. But keep in mind that its installation is a complex process.

As you can see, before starting to build your own home, you need to solve a lot of problems, which you now know about.

Video about where to start building a house

Step-by-step instructions for building a frame house with your own hands

In our country, until recently, houses were mainly built from logs, brick or concrete, but now the time has come for new technologies, and frame houses have appeared in this segment. They are very popular due to their unique combination of high quality and low financial costs. But the main thing is the opportunity to make a durable frame house with your own hands without the use of special equipment. Therefore, we have made detailed step-by-step instructions for you.

The guide itself consists of 7 steps:

• choosing a location for a home;
• design;
• foundation installation;
• frame assembly;
• walling;
• thermal insulation;
• roofing.

The construction of a frame house has the main advantage over other technologies - the rapid pace of construction without the involvement of special lifting mechanisms. Inexpensive frames are put into operation in one season, but this speed in no way worsens the comfort and quality of living - these parameters are no worse than those of wooden and stone houses.

Choosing a location on the site

In accordance with the urban planning standards of the Russian Federation, your residential building must be located at a distance of at least 3 m from the official border of the site. Also, in most cases, local regulations regulate a 5-meter setback from the red line of the street to the house.

It should be taken into account that all frames belong to the IV and V degrees of fire resistance, therefore, in accordance with fire safety standards, the distance from your building to the house on the neighboring site must be at least 10 meters.

The remaining requirements for placing the house are presented in this image:

We are drawing up a project

According to the Federal Law, the developer is obliged to be guided by the project created by professional design organizations. The documentation drawn up must also be agreed upon by authorized officials of various services, where changes and/or additions may be made.

However, for your convenience and saving on rework, we recommend choosing a suitable standard project or creating an individual one, taking into account personal preferences and wishes. In both cases, it is necessary to mark out all communications and include engineering systems in the plan.

Example of a typical preliminary design

Please note that standard projects are traditionally cheaper, while individual ones allow you to realize your own ideas. Individual drawings from the design documentation are drawn up taking into account the reference to the topography and other features of the site - only such scrupulousness can guarantee the long-term operation of the home without problems and major repairs.

Engineering systems

To build a frame house, it is necessary to include all utility networks in the project. They are laid in strict sequence, and you need to start from the foundation. If a concrete base is used, all technological holes for communication systems must be made at the time of pouring, so that after hardening you do not have to deal with complex drilling of holes.

The electrical system consists of a distribution board, electrical wiring, outlets and grounding. The distance between points for sockets should be no more than 4 m. Sockets with covers are installed near water sources. The ventilation system includes air ducts with holes. Is it worth reminding that the ease of access and use of taps, switches, as well as the functioning of drains and sewerage drainage depends on the correct layout of pipes and wires?

Foundation installation

The construction technology involves the use of a shallow strip, column or block foundation. The strength of the base is increased with the help of reinforcement and monolithic piping. It is possible to make a high-quality foundation only after conducting a geological analysis of the soil.

In most cases, a simpler foundation is sufficient for a frame house, which can easily withstand light loads. The most appropriate are screw piles. Such a foundation does not require a large amount of materials, which reduces the cost of construction estimates by an average of 15-20%.

Options for installing a grillage on screw piles

In the case of a monolithic foundation, it is necessary to dig a trench, compact the soil and pour a sand cushion. Before you start pouring concrete, you need to make formwork and install reinforcement bars. The solution must be compacted during the pouring process. Half a meter long vertical studs are placed in the liquid concrete of the base every 2 m - the lower frame frame will be attached to them. The surface of the resulting grillage must be leveled with cement mortar.

Bottom harness

Seven days after the work of pouring concrete, a lower frame made of wooden beams with a cross-section of 15x15 cm is laid over the entire surface of the foundation. The wood is pre-treated with antiseptic agents, and two layers of roofing material are laid along the bottom, which acts as horizontal waterproofing.

The timber can be fixed with anchor bolts or foundation studs. If bolts are used, then technological holes up to 10 cm deep must be drilled for them.

Scheme of the lower trim of the house

When all the wooden beams are laid and connected to each other and to the foundation, grooves are formed in them and floor joists are placed (board 50x150 mm). The upper part of the logs is aligned horizontally, and boards are nailed to the bottom - they will serve as the basis for constructing the subfloor. Membrane insulation is laid on the resulting board base (prevents the insulation from weathering and getting wet, and does not prevent water vapor from escaping outside). In the gaps between the lags you need to press in insulation (mineral wool or polystyrene foam) and cover it with a vapor barrier. An edged board (40x15 mm) is laid on top.

Floor arrangement diagram

Creating a frame

From the very name of the technology it is clear that the main element of such a structure is the frame, and it is on it that the entire structure is supported. The frame consists of vertical posts fixed with crossbars and horizontal strapping. As before, here the entire construction process is carried out in stages.

Wood is used as a material. It is recommended to choose coniferous timber with a low degree of humidity, ideally kiln drying. The height of the racks must correspond to a similar parameter of the room. The racks are connected with nails 10 cm long. After adjusting the elements, there should be no gaps.

Depending on the load that will affect the load-bearing supports, as well as based on the size of the insulation and cladding material, the distance between the posts is planned. The universal section of the racks is 150x50 mm; double beams 150x50 mm are placed in the openings. The most popular pitch is 600 mm (allows you to install the insulation “in tension” to densely fill the wall). To connect the racks with the lower frame, temporary braces are used, which is why the structure acquires the necessary rigidity.

Layout of wall corners

The installation of the upper trim is carried out after installing all the racks. Fixation occurs using the same grooves that fastened the lower beam. The upper fastening to the racks is carried out with two nails, which must penetrate the material at least 10 cm. The final fastening of the frame is carried out by permanent bevels installed to replace the dismantled temporary ones. Read more about this in the article “Upper and lower harness“. We also recommend that you familiarize yourself with the structure of the most important components of a frame house.

We insulate the walls

The outer walls of the house are sheathed with imitation timber, wooden lining, plastic siding, as the owner of the house wishes. Insulation is best done using mineral wool. It is environmentally friendly, durable and does not burn, which makes frames even more profitable and in demand.

If you plan to live in the house all year round, choose thermal insulation with a thickness of 15 cm or more. For greater efficiency, fill a counter-lattice made of 50x50 mm timber (8) on top of the racks and place insulation (7) as a “second layer” - this way you will avoid possible cold bridges and make the house truly energy efficient. Read more about the construction of a wall pie, as well as about the general insulation of a frame house.

Scheme of proper insulation of frame walls

The material is pressed into all the cracks between the beams to remove voids. A hydro- and windproof membrane, which is attached over the insulation to the studs, will help protect the tree from moisture, and only then the slatted sheathing for the ventilated façade, which will be hidden under the outer cladding, is installed. On the inside, OSB or gypsum fiber boards mounted on top of a vapor barrier are suitable for wall cladding.

Constructing a ceiling

The ceiling is attached to the floor beams, which in turn are fixed with nails or steel brackets on the top frame beam. Where interior partitions are installed, you need to install support beams, in the place of which a wooden ceiling panel is nailed.

Attic floor insulation scheme

A vapor barrier film should be laid on top of the shield, and mineral wool or foam plastic should be laid flush with it. The insulation is covered with a windproof membrane on top, and boards are laid on top of it. Read more about insulating attic floors.

Roof

Before you start work, determine the degree of slope, the number of slopes, the type of roofing cladding, and the design of the rafter system.

Dependence of the roof slope on the material used

A roof with a complex shape looks attractive, but it is difficult to implement and therefore not cheap. Most often, there are gable structures that allow you to equip an attic or attic space. Here it is necessary to install only one ridge; there are no valleys at all, which eliminates the accumulation of sediments and leaks. To prevent snow from lingering on the roof, plan a slope of more than 28º, but not more than 50º, otherwise the wind load will increase.

Design of a gable roof truss system

The upper trim acts as a Mauerlat here. Based on the manufactured sample, rafters are created for the entire roof, not forgetting about a pitch of 600 mm. The rafters on the ridge are installed on the pediment and the installation of the remaining elements continues along them. The type of roofing material determines what type of sheathing will be used.

Roofing material

The step-by-step instructions end at the stage of installing the roof cladding. You can choose soft tiles, corrugated sheets or metal tiles. All of these materials are easy to work with, affordable, and look decent. After the facing work, all that remains is to install drainpipes and a drainage system, which will be responsible for draining precipitation outside the site.

Now you can imagine the whole process of building a frame house with your own hands, so that the structure is durable and warm. If you do not ignore the rules of construction and assembly technology, you will become the happy owner of your own home, which you can only dream of.

Where to start building a house on a site - all stages, from foundation to roof

Building your own home is not an easy task, and it’s not for lack of significant savings. This is an objective reason.

Many people are stopped by the fact that they do not know where to start building a house on their site. The variety of types of work, costs, documents, time, the risk of making a mistake and its possible consequences are scary. Our goal is to provide information on how to step by step complete all stages of building a private house with your own hands. And the final decision is yours.

Individual housing construction - what is it?

Where to start building a house on your site

Decoding the abbreviation individual housing construction- This is individual housing construction. Individual housing construction involves the construction of a residential building on a privately owned plot of land.

Individual housing construction objects are: residential building, extension, superstructure, garage and other permanent buildings. Those. those buildings the construction of which requires permission from local authorities and, in some cases, the consent of neighbors.

Land plot is a territory that has clearly defined boundaries. At the same time, the surface layer of the earth is also considered private property. The depth of the layer is not prescribed at the legislative level. But it is worth remembering that when you are going to dig a well, you are acting within the framework of your interests. If you plan to drill an artesian well, then you are encroaching on state property, which means that its drilling must be agreed upon and documented.

Plot for building a house

To start construction, you need to have a certain budget and land. If there is no plot, and the budget allows, you can buy it.

What you need to pay attention to when choosing a site to build a house:

• personal interests. First of all, set the direction for the search. Perhaps there are memories associated with a certain place, or you want a plot near the water, or in the forest, etc.;

• location. More in demand are plots located within the city or at a distance of 10-15 km from it;

• plot dimensions. Affect the scale of construction. In construction, the proportion is 1:10. That is, on a plot of 6 acres it would be appropriate to build a house of 60 square meters. Whether or not to follow this recommendation is up to the owner of the plot, but in the event of a sale it significantly increases the liquidity of the property;

• availability of infrastructure. Even if complete privacy is planned, it is desirable that there be several more buildings located on the development territory, a medical center, a store, a school, etc. This is especially important if the house is intended for a family with children and is planned for year-round living;

• proximity to transport. It is important for car owners to evaluate the quality of access roads and the presence/condition of asphalt pavement. So as not to end up in a situation where, in order to get home, you need to change your car to another one with a higher ground clearance. For those who do not have a car, proximity to public transport is desirable;

• availability of communications. Is it possible to connect to central heating, water supply, sewerage. Are power lines connected to the site? Owners of plots in newly created satellite villages often face this situation;

• state of ecology in the area. It may turn out that living here is fraught with negative consequences (proximity to hazardous production);

• soil type. The choice of foundation and the possibility of constructing a well depend on it. In practice, it may turn out that this soil is generally not suitable for the construction of heavy objects. That is, it is possible to build a summer house or a small dacha on it, but building a two-story house with an attic is unrealistic.

• market value of the plot. It is determined by all parameters together. The final price will depend on the owners of the site and your ability to bargain reasonably.

The situation with the site can develop according to two scenarios:

Firstly, permanent buildings may already be located on the site. A fairly common situation is the acquisition of a plot of land with an already built house. Now we are talking not about its restoration, but about demolition. The advantage of such a site is that the main communications are connected to it. In this case, in addition to the above parameters, you need to check the legality of communications.

Secondly, the site may not be developed. We will pay attention to this option.

Where to start building a house on an empty lot?

1. Decide on the style of the plot/house

The appearance of the building, its location, the choice of material, etc. will depend on the design.

The size of the house depends on the number of people permanently living in it. The house can be made into several floors, thus it is possible to obtain sufficient space, but not at the expense of developing the site.

Independent construction of a country house will be easier, since there is no need, for example, for heating.

2. When to start building a house?

It is better to start construction work as soon as it gets warmer - i.e. in early spring. There will be six months of good weather at your disposal. In practice, the best time to start construction is late spring. More precisely, the period when the night temperature does not drop below +5°C. At this time of year, not only will the snow melt, but also the water will leave, interfering with digging a pit or making a foundation. In addition, in warm weather, labor productivity is much higher.

3. What material should the house be built from?

The choice will be influenced by: the period of operation of the house (for permanent residence or only in the summer), budget, environmental requirements, fashion, the ability to complete the work quickly with the involvement of specialists or with your own hands. Let's consider several options:

• building a brick house. A common material for construction. The undoubted advantage of a brick house is its time-tested service life;

• building a house from foam blocks. In terms of price/quality ratio, foam concrete occupies an advantageous position. A foam block made of durable cellular concrete, due to air bubbles, has good thermal conductivity and low weight;

• building a house from aerated concrete blocks. This material is durable, lightweight, has high thermal conductivity and breathability, and is easy to process. Construction with aerated concrete does not impose any special requirements on the construction of the foundation;

• construction of a house from wood concrete. It is practiced less frequently due to the high cost of the material. Arbolite blocks are a type of lightweight concrete, consisting of a mixture of cement and crushed wood (chips). Characterized by low water absorption and high thermal insulation properties;

• frame or modular construction. A special feature is the availability of modular designs. They are cheaper, and the work is completed in a short time. This structure is lightweight and therefore does not require significant foundation costs;

• construction of a wooden house. In terms of cost and manufacturability of work, it belongs to the category of luxury construction:

  Do not forget that any building material has both advantages and disadvantages that need to be eliminated.

  What to build a permanent home from?

  How to build a house with your own hands? Simple instructions for beginners. Photo review of modern private house projects

  Many of us want to have our own home, which is located on a separate plot with a garden, play area or gazebo. However, not everyone can afford to build a house from scratch. To reduce the cost of construction, you can build a house yourself, with your own hands. Immediately before starting construction, you need to look at a photo of a private house in order to decide on the design of your future home.

  

  Brief contents of the article:

  Determining the dimensions of the future home

  Having decided to start construction, probably the first question that arose in your mind after making a decision was “how to build a private house yourself?” Fortunately, there are certain rules and construction steps that cannot be changed or removed.

  

  Having familiarized yourself with the projects of home-made houses, you can clearly understand what size your future home should be, how many rooms you want there to be and what they should be like.

  

  To reduce the cost of building construction, it is necessary to choose all sizes and layouts correctly. A few tips to ensure that the house is inexpensive, but at the same time built with high quality:

  • It is best that the outer contour is in the shape of a square. This means that the perimeter of the house will be minimal. Accordingly, the foundation for the length of the walls outside will also be of a minimum size.
  • Try to choose a layout so that all rooms are located in the minimum allowable area. Instructions on how to build a house can help you choose the most optimal layout.
  • Give preference to the layouts that are simplest and most useful for placing all the things you need.
  • If you haven’t yet decided on the number of floors in your house, think about it: a one-story house is much easier and cheaper to maintain than a multi-story house. In a two-story house, you will have to build an additional staircase and allocate space for it accordingly. There are options when an attic is built instead of an attic. Despite the savings in materials for the walls, this option increases the cost of building the roof.

  

  Foundation and savings on it

  We only see a small part of the house's foundation. In this regard, many people have a desire to save money even at the stage of foundation construction. Under no circumstances should this be done! This will be fraught with serious problems in the future.

  

  What is a foundation? This is the basis of your entire home, your home. If the foundation is built unreliably (namely, saving on materials or ignoring certain stages of construction), cracks may soon appear in the floor of the house, in the walls, shrinkage will be uneven, and the house may collapse over time. It will be impossible to correct these problems after construction is completed.

  Walls: configuration, choice of material

  In order to reduce the cost of construction, many choose the cheapest materials for building walls. It is worth noting here that you cannot choose cheap and low-quality materials. Analyze all available and affordable options and make a choice in favor of the most optimal one.

  

  In forest areas, the most optimal material in terms of price-quality ratio will be wood. In the steppe zone it is adobe. In places where there is a lot of natural stone, shell limestone is considered the cheapest material.

  

  If all the proposed options are not suitable, you can build a house from aerated concrete with your own hands. When choosing building materials for your home, do not forget to take into account their cost, delivery and installation in the estimate. Also be sure to take into account the speed of laying materials, lightness and simplicity.

  

  Frame house

  A house of this type can be built from 14 days to several months. The speed of construction directly depends on whether the owner of the home himself decided to build the house or whether a team of specialists is doing it. If you decide to build a frame house with your own hands, you can be sure that it will last more than 70 years (this is the service life of such buildings).

  

  After all the load-bearing structures have been installed, the next stage begins - covering the walls with finishing materials. You can install any type of facade cladding on the walls: block house, siding, cassette panels. When sheathed with additional materials, the structure gains greater strength. The weight does not increase much.

  

  Necessary communications

  Necessary communications include: water supply, heating, electricity. You can use a gas boiler to heat your house. Thanks to it, in winter you can significantly reduce the cost of heating your home.

  

  If funds allow, you can make a heated floor right away during construction (we all know that heat goes from bottom to top) - install plastic pipes into the floor, and fill it with concrete screed on top. This way you can heat the whole house. An alternative to such a warm floor can be solar energy, which will not allow you to freeze even on cold winter evenings.

  The sewer system must be laid before finishing and pouring the floor. It is also necessary to lay a water supply system before completing this work. It is necessary to designate in advance where the rooms and household appliances that require drainage will be located. All pipes must be laid according to the stated diagrams.

  

  If you do not have access to a central system, you can dig a well or borehole. Unfortunately, these are not very cheap options.

  

  Arrangement of the floor and roof of the building

  As soon as all work on installing the necessary communications is completed, you can begin pouring the floor with a concrete screed. The floor can be covered with any material. The following are ideal for this: laminate, linoleum, tiles and others. Tile is one of the most practical and sustainable materials.

  

  Once the walls are up, the floor is in place, the roof can be built. If you decide to build a two-story house, use concrete slabs as the floor. The first stage of roof construction will be the installation of a facing grid (beams are used for this).

  

  Next, you should cover them with one of the following materials - slate, metal tiles, corrugated sheets or ondulin. Regardless of which material you choose, the roof must be insulated using glass wool (the cheapest and most accessible material).

  

  

  

  

  We hope you understand how to quickly build a house with your own hands and not spend a lot of money.

  Building a house with your own hands

  Welcome to the construction portal, dear guests!

  Building your own home is a complex process, which is often only possible for professional builders, but since you are on this resource, it means you were not afraid of difficulties, or maybe you just decided to prove to yourself and others that you are a real man who must do 3 things one of which is to build your own house (And with the help of our website you can also build a bathhouse :)). We fully support you in this choice, and we want to say that in most cases, the construction of houses is carried out by contractors who can hardly explain why and why they are doing this or that thing, often their work comes down to only physical effort for which they they get very good money. That is why we believe that even if such people can build a dacha, then why are we ourselves afraid to start building a house from scratch?

  

  So, here is a large encyclopedia that will allow you not to move from one information resource to another in search of information on the construction or design of a country house, just the opposite - our site is structured in such a way that you can always find a comprehensive answer to your question, We tried to describe each category as broadly as possible, which we hope will help you achieve your goal. Our portal is filled with professional builders who share their own experience, and we act as a kind of storehouse of knowledge that is structured in one place and this place is the site - StroyVopros.net, we advise you to remember our address, because now this site will be your guide to school modern country house construction.

  Where to start building a house?

  This is the question every future owner asks when he begins construction of his mansion; construction, of course, first of all begins with the site for the future home. First, choose a location for the building, once you have decided on the location and you like it, go around the neighbors in the area, ask if there are any problems with groundwater, namely the level of its level or contamination - this is done in order to find out whether to make a well or You may still have to drill a well on the site, and this is a completely different cost. In addition, ask what the situation is in the area, whether there is crime or rowdy neighbors, etc.

  Now let's move on directly to the stages of building a house.

  The first thing you need to do is to draw up an approximate project of a house, let’s say right away that in order to draw up a project of a house/dacha you don’t need to be a professional architect, but you also shouldn’t create a project “on your knees” in 1 hour, the best option would be to order standard projects houses. A project for a standard house can be purchased for a small amount from design companies, but if you are planning to make an exclusive house (a unique structure), then you will either have to pay design companies about $50 per sq.m. or draw up a project yourself. Is it really impossible to do without a project? Yes!. You can build a house without a project, but please note that when building a house “by eye” you will not be able to take into account even approximate construction costs and may not be able to cope with the construction budget, in addition to incorrectly distributed loads, or loads not prepared in accordance with standards, for example on the foundation, the entire structure can go awry and you will have to overpay for the alteration much more.

  

  In addition, do not forget that a copy of the project will need to be submitted along with the application for a building permit. In conclusion, it is worth noting that the house project consists of several sections - these are:

  1. Engineering part, which includes: Electrical, Sewerage, Water supply and heating.
  2. The architectural part - this includes drawings and dimensions of structures.

  Once the project is ready we move on. Now we need to equip our site: first, we will put a construction trailer on the territory - it is necessary so that during the first stages of construction there will be a place to change clothes, as well as where to hide expensive tools from the rain and uninvited guests, and also to cheer up with a warm cup of tea when you are tired.

  

  The next step in the construction journey is the construction of a fence. A fence is a very functional thing; firstly, it will protect the initial construction from uninvited guests, as well as from animals that will wander onto your site every now and then. A slab fence is a very quick and convenient solution that will provide an indispensable service at first; we also recommend reading about a picket fence, and, of course, the now popular fence made of corrugated sheets.

  

  The site is equipped with the exception of a toilet, do not forget about it, because this place is quite visited. We can talk about the toilet in the country for quite a long time, but one thing is for sure, do not make a toilet in a hurry! Make a good cesspool for the toilet; if you have free time, immediately connect it to a septic tank (for example, with a septic tank made of concrete rings), then you won’t have to redo the sewerage structure several times.

  

  So we've sorted out the preparations for construction. Now let's start building the house:

  At the initial stage, we will need to lay the foundation. The foundation is laid based on the type of structure, soil freezing in the region, as well as the structure of the house. Of course, first you need to decide on its type and design, let's give them a brief description:

  1. Brick foundation - A displaced technology, but which is still suitable for light houses, greenhouses, gazebos, verandas or bathhouses.
  2. Pile-strip foundation - A technology that is perfect for weak and heaving soils.
  3. Monolithic foundation - A technology that is used mainly for the construction of houses of non-standard construction; such foundations have high qualities of reliability and durability, but require high costs.
  4. Shallow foundation - A widely used technology that allows you to save on construction, but at the same time has good durable qualities.
  5. Foundation made of asbestos-cement pipes - mainly used for light frame houses, greenhouses, etc. This foundation laying technology is also often used in areas prone to flooding, since this type of foundation is not susceptible to the influence of groundwater.
  6. Strip foundation is a type of structure that is used to build houses and cottages. A strip foundation is often cheaper than a solid structure.
  7. Floating (slab) foundation - a foundation that is used on floating, heaving, peat, swamp soils prone to constant movement. This type of foundation is laid on a bulk cushion and mixes with the movement of the soil; it does not go deep to the freezing height, which allows it to maintain its integrity.
  8. A bored foundation is a foundation that, like a pile foundation, is used mainly in areas with a large amount of groundwater and on floating soils.

  

  After choosing the type and reinforcement of the foundation is completed, by the way, carefully select the appropriate concrete for pouring the foundation. Next, we insulate the foundation from the outside and inside in order to retain heat inside the house and not spend money on heating it.

  The next stage is the lower framing of the frame house, and the construction of walls. As for the walls, decide what the house will consist of: brick or cinder blocks, or maybe wood or expanded clay blocks, by the way, speaking about the construction of walls, it has often become fashionable in our time to use wood concrete blocks are a sample of a material that is made from sawdust, cement and special admixtures that retain heat well and are fireproof.

  After the walls have been erected, there comes a time when the roof is erected; first you need to make an armored belt for the Mauerlat, then organize the roof rafter system, decide on its constituent elements and select the type of roof:

  1. Shed roof;
  2. Gable roof;
  3. Trekhskaya Roof and others;

  

  The roof is sheathed with any available materials; of course, we do not advise you to decorate it with straw because it is now popular:

  1. Soft tiles are an excellent material with low cost and excellent quality.
  2. Ondulin roofing is a material otherwise called Euroslate, but unlike slate it has less weight and a more beautiful shape.
  3. Slate is a classic roofing material.

  Before you start covering the roof with cladding material, of course you need to make a lathing.

  So, we also sorted out the roof, now we need to start making a porch, inserting windows and other relevant procedures that are included in the scope of the design structures. Speaking about the construction of a porch, we will tell you how to do it:

  

  After the main stages associated with construction, we will now gradually move on to the exterior (exterior) decoration of the country house. First, we will install the sheathing under the siding, then we will install vinyl siding or metal siding under wood. After insulating the foundation, it is also advisable to finish it with siding or thermal panels with clinker tiles - this will at the same time insulate and give a beautiful look to your home.

  

  Well, in general terms the house has been built, now let's move on to the sewerage and drainage system.

  Water supply on the site is a very important thing, along with electricity. But if everything is clear about the electrical wiring in a wooden house, then as for the water supply, this is still a question, of course, the water supply can be made from a well, but here you need to know about the level of groundwater, but how can we find out about it, we are not geologists? The answer is simple - ask your neighbors and find out whether they make wells or still drill wells. The difference is often very significant and manifests itself in the cost of the work, so read our section about building a well and a well, there you will find answers to the questions: when is it better to dig a well?, why is a well better than a well, and much more.

  Now about the sewerage: First of all, we will need to make a sewerage system. It is made either as a drain to a cesspool or to a drainage pit. In general, speaking about sewerage, as such, it is better to design it according to standards, that is, not to use drainage pits, as this can undermine the ecological situation on the site and pollute the water for you and your neighbors. It is advisable to make a sewer when using a cesspool, but then you will often have to call a sewer truck, and the best way to build a sewer is to connect all plumbing units to a septic tank, and then drain the filtered water into aeration fields.

  

  Speaking about the use of septic tanks, they can be divided into several types; let’s decide for yourself which one to choose:

  1. A septic tank made of concrete rings is a type of septic tank that is created with one’s own hands; the operation of the device is based on concrete rings in which, with the help of bacteria, wastewater is gradually processed and in the final stage is purified and finally filtered in groundwater.
  2. Septic tank Astra is a septic tank from the manufacturer, characterized by compactness and relatively simple installation.
  3. A septic tank made from Eurocubes with your own hands is characterized by simple installation (when compared with a septic tank made of concrete rings), as well as low cost.
  4. Septic tank TANK is a domestically produced septic tank whose main purpose is high-quality waste processing.
  5. The TRITON septic tank is another example of Russian production.

Building a new home is always a big expense. Few people can afford to build without paying attention to estimates. Most often you have to save money to fit into the budget. However, the savings should be reasonable, because the owner and his family will live in the new place. The building should be warm, dry, comfortable, and pleasant to look at. How to achieve this without overpayments? First of all, save on a team of workers. If the developer has the necessary skills, then everything or almost everything can be done yourself. You can also choose inexpensive materials, available technologies, and a standard design. How to build a house with your own hands cheaper? What is worth saving on, and where is it better not to risk it?

Savings start with choosing a project. The more complex the architectural forms, the more expensive the construction costs. It is irrational to try to reduce costs at the expense of workers, technical supervision or quality of materials by initially choosing an expensive project.

It is better to clearly determine the required living space, without depriving the family, but also without allowing yourself extra square meters, and choose a simple roof shape. This will allow you to create a cozy home that fully meets the needs of the family, but without architectural “excesses” - a multi-pitched roof, bay windows, columns, arches.

It makes sense to consider options for building a one- or two-story structure with a residential attic.

A residential attic is much more profitable than a separate floor. The construction of the floor will require more materials - for walls, insulation, finishing

If you choose lightweight building materials and suitable technologies for building walls, you can save on the foundation. A less powerful structure will be needed, plus the formwork can be made from substandard boards or used fiberboard boards.

The only thing you don't want to cut costs on is cement. You need to buy it of high quality, otherwise the strength of the structure will be in question. The depth of the trench under the foundation must also correspond to the calculated weight of the building in order to avoid severe settlement, which can lead to cracks in the walls.

What is most often used during construction:

• brick;
• beam;
• gas block

When constructing houses and cottages, frame technology is increasingly being used. This is a promising method that allows you to build quickly and at minimal cost.

To find out what will cost the least for construction, you will have to calculate estimates for each of the options, because... the cost of the material itself is not always an indicator of benefit. For example, choosing multi-purpose resources can help reduce costs. The cost of a two-in-one hydro- and vapor barrier will ultimately be cheaper than purchasing two different types of insulation.

When making calculations, one should proceed from the fact that the finished building must be comfortable for living and comply with heat conservation and safety standards.

The advantages of a frame structure are lower time and labor costs for the construction of a building. The design is lightweight, does not create an increased load on the foundation and does not require its reinforcement

A dwelling using this technology can be built within a period of several weeks to several months, depending on whether the owner builds it himself or hires a team. Finished buildings are durable and resistant to deformation. The estimated service life is approximately 75 years.

Load-bearing structures are convenient for subsequent cladding with finishing materials, because all elements are unified. This significantly expands: siding, cassette panels, and a block house can be mounted on the walls. Sheathing increases the strength of the entire structure without significantly increasing its weight.

Video about the design

There are two main technologies, each of which has its own characteristics.

Frame-panel. How to build a house cheaper? Collected with my own hands. Of course, this will require skills and equipment. Thanks to this type of construction, this is possible, although you will need to invest a lot of time and additional money in the purchase of insulation and other things. The frame is made of wood and covered with sandwich panels. Each part has to be installed separately, which affects the timing and complexity of construction.

Frame-panel. This option is expensive, but reliable and requires much less labor. The structure is assembled from ready-made panels, which are manufactured at the factory to special order. The panels are supplied already insulated and completely ready for assembly. If we compare the prices of panel and panel buildings, the former are more expensive. However, the final cost may turn out to be the same if workers are invited to assemble frame-panel housing, because you have to pay for all types of work separately - assembly, cladding, thermal insulation, finishing.

The assembled wooden frame already looks like a finished house. It only requires cladding and finishing. Steam and waterproofing materials are installed into the walls of the structure at the factory, which helps to increase the service life of the building

Undeniable advantages of the technology:

• Economical. Light weight is an obvious opportunity to save on the foundation, and short terms - on paying workers. It is believed that houses built using frame technology are the cheapest, but the efficiency largely depends on the area of ​​construction, the selected components, finishing, etc. Calculations by experienced engineers show that this is beneficial if the length of the building does not exceed 20 m and the number of storeys is 3. Often the design decides everything.
• High energy saving ratio. The structures warm up quickly and efficiently. The walls are made of materials with low thermal conductivity, so the structure retains heat well. The wall thickness can be 15-20 cm. Additional benefits include reduced heating costs compared to a conventional building of the same area.
• No shrinkage. The walls of the structure are strong, resistant to deformation, highly rigid, and the house itself does not shrink. This also has a positive effect on construction time: finishing work can begin immediately after the completion of the main work. The cladding does not require additional processing, which reduces finishing costs.

Disadvantages or things to consider:

• To assemble such a structure you need special knowledge and tools. The qualifications of the builders are of fundamental importance, so not every developer can do it himself, and the team will have to be carefully selected.
• Wooden frames require additional treatment with compounds for biological and fire protection.

When choosing a project, special attention should be paid to ventilation. Artificial materials provide excellent thermal insulation, but from the point of view of environmental safety they leave much to be desired. If the home is small, then theoretically you can get by with natural ventilation, but ideally, a normal air exchange system should be calculated and installed for it.

When installing frame structures, “wet” technologies are not used. This feature is a big plus, because... allows you to work at any time of the year

Tightness is one of the main advantages of a frame house, because serves as a guarantee of good thermal insulation. But it also has a downside - a violation of air exchange. To prevent human waste products, dust and other factors from worsening the microclimate in the building or reducing the amount of oxygen in the air, it is necessary to design a high-quality ventilation system

What to make it from:

• Tree. Despite all kinds of processing, wood is exposed to moisture and microorganisms. On average, such a frame lasts up to 60 years and is inferior to metal analogues in strength, lightness, and resistance to destructive environmental factors.
• Metal. A lightweight thermal profile is used for manufacturing. Its advantages are excellent fire resistance, light weight, and corrosion resistance. Metal parts are not susceptible to attacks by fungi and mold. All this can increase the service life of structures to 100 years.

What would be cheaper to build from? When drawing up estimates, a wooden frame will have a clear advantage. However, if you “look into the future” and take into account the higher performance properties of the thermal profile, then its service life fully pays for the costs.

The foundation can be chosen tile, columnar or strip depending on the type of soil. You can save on an easy-to-install roof - gable or mansard. The choice is up to the developer.

Material on the construction of a veranda at a frame-type dacha may also be useful:

1 sq. m of metal frame weighs 30-50 kg, with casing - about 200 kg. The low specific gravity of the finished house allows it to be built on unstable soils. The profile is also used in the reconstruction of buildings with heavily worn load-bearing structures

Option #2 – brick construction

Brick is one of the most popular. Houses made from it can hardly be called cheap. The walls have to be made thick, plus they require additional insulation, which leads to an even greater increase in the cost of structures. The weight of the finished structure is large, so the foundation needs to be truly strong. It is done to the entire depth of soil freezing.

It's difficult to save money on it. The disadvantages include long, labor-intensive construction. However, the durability of the structures, their fire safety and practicality largely pay for the costs.

If you look at the prices for the construction of a high-quality building on the websites of specialized companies, you get the impression that the cost is low. However, even the price of turnkey construction does not include the finishing touches: installation of flooring, interior doors, plumbing fixtures, etc.

If you do all this yourself, then only the costs of purchasing materials should be added to the cost. If you need to hire workers, then also pay for their labor. Construction is profitable only if the owner of the site initially selected the project correctly and can carry out most of the work independently.

Video: about bricks for buildings

Option #3 – aerated concrete blocks

Aerated concrete block is a worthy competitor to traditional brick. Building a box is significantly more profitable than erecting it. The wall thickness can be reduced by 1/3 without losing its thermal insulation properties. The material itself is noticeably lighter, which allows for savings at the expense of the foundation. An additional “bonus” for the home owner is good sound insulation.

A dwelling made of aerated concrete blocks “breathes”; air exchange in it is not impaired, because through pores. However, for the same reason, blocks are considered not the best option in terms of waterproofing. If construction is carried out in violation of technology, the finished structure may also be blown out. You need to pay attention to the finishing.

As for the construction time, an aerated concrete structure can be erected 2-3 times faster than a brick one; it practically does not shrink. Special adhesives are used to connect the blocks. In this case, it is undesirable to use ordinary cement mortar, because... it produces thick seams, which can cause the formation of “cold bridges”.

One of the disadvantages of aerated concrete blocks is their relatively low frost resistance, so you will have to take care of high-quality finishing. The materials you can use are plaster, siding, stone

Option #4 – economical timber buildings

For the developer, timber is more profitable than anything else. If we compare timber and brick walls in terms of heat-saving properties, it turns out that a structure made of spruce 220 mm thick and a brick 600 mm thick will be equally warm. Usually for construction they take 200 mm timber, use 100 mm thick insulation and apply a layer of plaster from 20 mm.

Advantages of timber:

• efficiency;
• fast construction (built in a few weeks);
• simple technology;
• environmental Safety;
• excellent thermal insulation;
• comfortable microclimate;
• ease of construction.

If you are choosing what is cheaper to build a house from, then timber is a win-win option. This is profitable, and the technology is simple, and almost any site owner can master it if he already has construction skills.

When building houses from timber, you need to carefully design heating and energy supply systems. The buildings are considered a fire hazard. Wood is also afraid of moisture, so it requires protection from dampness and fungus.

Compare prices per square meter

How and what is the cheapest way to build can be seen in the estimate figures. If the calculations are based on average indicators (soil freezing depth - 1.5 m, groundwater - 2.5 m, sandy loam soil), then we can determine the cost of construction of 1 square meter. Depending on the components, the numbers will be as follows:

• frame structure – 875 rubles;
• brick – 2330 rubles;
• aerated concrete – 2000 rubles;
• timber - 1900 rubles.

Review of popular materials - video

Obviously, a frame house will cost the developer the least. When finally deciding on a choice, you need to take into account all the features of the project, the soil, and the site itself. The calculations do not include payment for the services of the construction team. Hired labor is an additional (and considerable!) expense item.